New research has revealed that experimental deep-sea mining operations are having a far-reaching impact on marine ecosystems, affecting more than a third of seabed animal species in test areas. Scientists say these findings raise urgent questions about the environmental costs of extracting minerals from the ocean floor.
The studies, conducted in multiple locations across international waters, involved simulating mining activity to assess its ecological footprint. Results show that sediment plumes, noise, and mechanical disruption caused by the tests led to significant disturbances in benthic communities — organisms that live on or near the seabed. Many species experienced habitat loss, reduced feeding opportunities, and direct physical harm.
“Even limited testing is enough to affect a substantial portion of the ecosystem,” said Dr. Lena Hoffmann, a marine ecologist involved in the study. “This is particularly concerning because many deep-sea species grow slowly and reproduce infrequently, making recovery from disturbance extremely difficult.”
Deep-sea mining is being considered to meet the growing demand for minerals like cobalt, nickel, and rare earth elements, essential for electric vehicle batteries, renewable energy technology, and electronics. While proponents argue that seabed extraction could reduce pressure on terrestrial mines, critics warn that the ecological consequences could be severe and long-lasting.
Environmental groups are calling for stricter regulations and moratoriums on commercial deep-sea mining until scientists better understand its full impact. The International Seabed Authority, which oversees mining activities in international waters, has acknowledged the need for more research to guide responsible practices.
Scientists stress that the deep ocean is one of the least understood ecosystems on Earth. Disturbances not only threaten local species but may also disrupt nutrient cycles and food webs that have global ecological significance.
As mining technology advances and corporate interest grows, the debate over balancing economic demand with marine conservation is intensifying. Researchers urge policymakers to weigh the risks carefully, emphasizing that once deep-sea ecosystems are damaged, they could take centuries to recover — if at all.
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